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Here are our links to
356 History and Memorabilia
There are many books in print
which chronicle the history of the Porsche family, company, factory
and cars. Dr. Bill Block of "Block's
Books: The Auto Fanatic's Choice" has most, if not all
of these in stock. Write him for a book list. He'll make recommendataions,
too, as he reads the books he sells.
Timeline for the 356
Here's a very rough timeline
of the development of the 356, compiled from a variety of sources.
"Driving in it's Purest Form", "Excellence was
Expected", "Speedster" and "Porsche : 356
& Rs Spyders" are all recommended for the Porsche 356
enthusiast and those interested in the Porsche history 1948-1966.
See also the Porsche
North America corporate website from which much of the below
material came. The student of Porsche and 356 history is strongly
encouraged to seek out the above books for a detailed history
of the car, the company and the amazing individuals who brought
us the 356.
 1948:
Gmünd, Austria. The Porsche Firm, having located to Austria
just after the war to be closer to parts suppliers, turns out
a variety of automotive, farm and industrial motors and tools
for the war-ravaged western europe. Ferry Porsche (son of the
famous Dr. Ing Ferdinand Porsche, founder of Porsche motors)
designed and fabricates the first Project #356 car, model 356-001.
The car utilized a tubular chassis, an 1100cc engine and was
very light and so quick for the time. Karl Frolich was the gearbox
and suspension specialist contributing to the handling of the
prototype. Ferry Porsche often took the prototype--sometimes
just the rolling chassis without body--up the steep mountain
roads surrounding Gmünd and found the car a spright handler
and good climber.
The body of the car was designed by Irwin
Komenda. Kommenda,
an Austrian born in 1904, contributed substantially to the Volkswagen,
Cistalia, Auto Union racers and other cars of the day. Though
the car changed from mid-engine to rear, the tubular chassis
gave way to a unitized pan and body construction, and a myriad
of details evolved over the 22 year run of the model, the overall
design and instantly recognizeable shape of the car remained
the same, a timeless classic. Komenda joined Porsche's design
bureau in 1931 after positions at Steyr and Daimler-Benz and
other coach shops in Austria and Germany. Komenda contributed
to many other designs in Porsche's history and was the chief
engineer and head of Porsche's coach werk from 1955 until his
death in 1966.
Karl Peter-Rabe was the "confidential clerk" for
Porsche, and became the chief business manager, after Prizing,
until 1965. Dr. Ing Albert Prizing was a business manager who
brought 37 orders back to the factory after one importer's conference
in Wolfsberg in 1950.
The original 356-001 car is raced at the Innsbruck city race,
achieiving a victory in the 1100cc class in its first outing.
Porsche was homologated by the state government of Kärnten
in Austria on 8 June 1948. Above and below photos courtesy of
the Porsche archives. The original Porsche "001" car
is in the Factory Meuseum and frequently tours the world for
special car shows and historic events.
Over 50 Gmünd cars are built and sold primarily
in Austria and Germany. Many still
survive in US and other collections around the world.
1949: The first 356 Cabriolet
is built. The Gmünd cars are alloy aluminum.
1950: The factory relocates
to Zuffenhausen, next to the Reutter coachwerks and begins production
on the 356. This run will continue to 1965, and produce
nearly 80,000 cars. Cars are produced by other coachbuilders
as well, namely Gläser.
A 1951 "split windshield" 356 Cabriolet.
Porsche 356es made prior to 1955 are sometimes called "Pre-A",
as the model took on the letter predicate at that time.
1951: Porsche 356 technical
innovations continue. The 1.3 liter motor has chrome plated aluminum
cylinders and the world's first synchromesh transmission. Porsche
356-002 wins at LeMans in the 1100cc class. The "Old Professor",
Dr. Ing Ferdinand Porsche, Sr. dies at 75. Porsche KG employs
1400 people as Ferry Porsche leads the company.
1952: The 1500 "Super"
engine is introduced (1488 cc, 70hp DIN)
1953: In a deal with Max Hoffman,
of New York, Porsche introduces the 356 to the United States.
Soon Hoffman makes arrangements with select foriegn auto dealers
around the country to carry the Porsche cars. Hoffman acts as
sole US importer. Split windshields give way to bent windshields.
 1954:
Hoffman urges Porsche to make a less-expensive "stripped-down"
model of it's open car for the West Coast. Fair weather, a cruising
scene and lots of amateur racing make the "Speedster"
a success, a staple production for the next 5 years. Over 4100
Speedsters will be sold by 1959.
1955: The 1600 motor is in production.
The 1500 GS Type 547 Carrera motor is in development for racing
and finds its way into the 356 production line. The "A"
version of the 356 model is introduced. Numerous subtle differences
in the shape of the body and features of the care are introduced.
Almost half the cars sold are open cars: cabriolets and Speedsters.
The "A" models are named internally at "Type 1",
and thereafter known by enthusiasts as "T-1" cars.
1956: The 10,000th 356 Rolls
off the assembly line. Pictured below with Ferry Porsche.
1957: More improvements to the
356A results in a new project, the Type 2, or "T-2".
A new transmission, the 644 replaces the earlier 519 with improved
shifter, a split case design, dual nose mounts and better synchros.
1958: Continued improvements
in the Carrera engines yield higher horsepower. Production begins
on the "Convertible D", a replacement for the Speedster.
The "D" is made by Drauz factory, and the car is between
a Speedster and a Cabriolet in luxury and lightweight appointments.
Most noticeable are the roll-up windows and a taller, but still
"removeable" windscreen.
1959: The last Speedster is
made. The 1300 engine is dropped from the line. In the fall a
new model, the Type-5 (T-5), 356B is introduced. The Convertible
D becomes the Roadster with the new T-5 body style.
1960: The 356B gets the "Super
90" (S90) motor as an option, with a counterweighted crank,
sodium-filled valves and Solex P40-II carburetors.
1961: The Karmann Coachwerks
is employed to make the "Hardtop", which is a Cabriolet
body with a fixed hard roof. This profile gives the car the knickname
"Notchback". Nearly 1750 of these cars will be made
over two years' production
1962: Karmann makes 2170 coupes
along with the 4100 made by Reutter. Along with almost 1600 Cabriolets,
production tops 7900 for the year. Porsche begins discussion
with Reutter to purchase the coachmaker and finally completely
consolidate the successes of 12 years of co-operation. The factory
launches "Christophorus", a customer magazine of news
and background on the Porsche lifestyle.
1963: The 356C, known as the
Type 6 (T-6) is introduced, along with the SC engine with 95hp.
The "C" has 4-wheel disc brakes, and an optional 12-volt
electric system. The optional "Carrera 2" motor develops
130 DIN hosepower.
1964: 356 Production reaches
a high of over 10,000 in a single year, more than the entire
line production of the first 10 years of the Porsche 356. The
factory introduces the 911 model, presaging the end of the 356
line.
1966: The last 10 356 Cabriolets
run off the production line in this calendar year, finishing
the 1965 model year run. The 4-cylinder Carrera engines contiune
racing in the successful 904 model. Total production run: more
than 78,000. About 1/2 of the entire production are believed
to exist today.
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